{"id":6459,"date":"2021-02-19T22:02:03","date_gmt":"2021-02-20T03:02:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/niixer.com\/?p=6459"},"modified":"2021-02-19T22:02:06","modified_gmt":"2021-02-20T03:02:06","slug":"apple-ii-retro-computacion-grafica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/niixer.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/19\/apple-ii-retro-computacion-grafica\/","title":{"rendered":"Apple II: La primera computadora personal con gr\u00e1ficos de color por Steve Wozniak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Con m\u00e1s de 40 a\u00f1os desde su lanzamiento y siendo un acontecimiento importante en la historia de la computaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica, para el a\u00f1o 1977, Steve Wozniak<\/strong> ingeniero jefe y dise\u00f1ador de Apple <\/strong>construye la Apple II<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primer computador personal que cuenta con gr\u00e1ficos a color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basado en la arquitectura de 8 bits con un procesador MOS 6502<\/strong> dando la facilidad de extracci\u00f3n de sus componentes para aumentar su vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya que se trataba de la segunda generaci\u00f3n desde la Apple I, este deb\u00eda ser un ordenador completo para la \u00e9poca, introduciendo gr\u00e1ficos a color y de alta resoluci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dando la oportunidad de programar en lenguaje Basic<\/strong> y posteriormente Basic Applesoft<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s ofrec\u00eda factores importantes no solo para aficionados o ingenieros de la computaci\u00f3n, ya que estaba pensado principalmente para el hogar y adapt\u00e1ndose a cualquier necesidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo se proyectan los colores de la Apple II?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan Wozniak, duplicando partes de esa se\u00f1al de luminosidad saliente establecida a blanco y negro, y esto lo aplicaba en la se\u00f1al de color NTSC<\/strong>, se produc\u00edan patrones de pixeles siendo l\u00edneas con variedad de color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este ordenador logr\u00f3 presentar una interfaz a color, sin un chip de video en color dedicado sino un hardware de v\u00eddeo monocromo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquella resoluci\u00f3n monocrom\u00e1tica original presenta 280 x 192 pixeles de profundidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cada p\u00edxel<\/strong> se puede asociar al t\u00e9rmino de bit en donde 1 significa activado y 0 desactivado. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Steve descubri\u00f3 que usando 2 pixeles en bloque obten\u00eda negro (00), blanco (11), morado (01) verde (10) y al cambiar la sincronizaci\u00f3n de la se\u00f1al obtiene azul (01) , naranja (10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contando con un modo grafico de alta resoluci\u00f3n (HGR)  de 140 x 192.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dicho esto, la capacidad gr\u00e1fica qued\u00f3 fija en una resoluci\u00f3n de pantalla de 24 l\u00edneas por 40 columnas de texto en may\u00fasculas y una salida de video NTSC para conexi\u00f3n con un TV o monitor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existiendo otros fabricantes que lanzaron una tarjeta de ampliaci\u00f3n que pasaba a 80 columnas y soportaba min\u00fasculas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se convirti\u00f3 en una base para los Juegos de ordenador<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Contando con una inmensa popularidad fue promocionado en el mercado de juegos para ordenador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donde se vio la primera versi\u00f3n del juego de software educativo \u201c\u00bfD\u00f3nde se esconde Carmen Sandiego? \u201c<\/strong> en1985 se lanza primero para la Apple II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adem\u00e1s se distribuye la primera aplicaci\u00f3n de hojas de c\u00e1lculo VisiCalc<\/strong> para la computadora Apple II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1ndole la manera de ver Apple como un juguete para aficionados a ser una herramienta para el sector financiero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: <\/strong>Kevin Andres Luna Avila<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editor:<\/strong> Carlos Iv\u00e1n Pinz\u00f3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3digo: <\/strong>UCCG-9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Universidad:<\/strong> Universidad Central<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuentes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

JJ Velasco, (2011). Apple II, el ordenador que hizo avanzar a una industria, https:\/\/hipertextual.com\/2011\/08\/apple-ii-computador-avanzo-la-industria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paleotronic, (2018). Colour Without Colour: Apple II Computer Graphics,
https:\/\/paleotronic.com\/2018\/10\/03\/apple-ii-colour-computer-graphics\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28bytes, (2020). Apple II low-resolution graphics demo 2
https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Apple_II_low-resolution_graphics_demo_2.png<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e9lix Palazuelos, (2016). Apple II, la historia de los dos Steve
https:\/\/hipertextual.com\/files\/2016\/04\/Apple_II_0-scaled.jpg<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Con m\u00e1s de 40 a\u00f1os desde su lanzamiento y siendo un acontecimiento importante en la historia de la computaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica, para el a\u00f1o 1977, Steve Wozniak ingeniero jefe y dise\u00f1ador de Apple construye la Apple II. Primer computador personal que cuenta con gr\u00e1ficos a color. Basado en la arquitectura deSeguir Leyendo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":109,"featured_media":6536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[4,441],"tags":[1123,1121],"class_list":["post-6459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apple","category-computadores","tag-apple-ii","tag-retrocomputing"],"yoast_head":"\nApple II – Retro computaci\u00f3n Grafica Computadores –<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Retro computacion grafica - Historia de Apple II: La primera computadora personal con gr\u00e1ficos de color por Steve Wozniak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/niixer.com\/index.php\/2021\/02\/19\/apple-ii-retro-computacion-grafica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apple II – Retro computaci\u00f3n Grafica Computadores –\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Retro computacion grafica - 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